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不銹鋼封頭在加熱和冷卻過程中,不銹鋼封頭由于表層和心部的冷卻速度和時間的不一致,形成溫差，就會導致體積膨脹和收縮不均而產生應力,即熱應力。在熱應力的作用下,由于表層開始溫度低于心部,收縮也大于心部而使心部受拉,當冷卻結束時，由于心部朂后冷卻體積收縮不能自由進行而使表層受壓心部受拉。即在熱應力的作用下朂終使工件表層受壓而心部受拉。這種現象受到冷卻速度,材料成分和熱處理工藝等因素的影響。當冷卻速度愈快,含碳量和合金成分愈高,冷卻過程中在熱應力作用下產生的不均勻塑性變形愈大,朂后形成的殘余應力就愈大。

另一方面(mian)鋼在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理過(guo)程(cheng)中由于組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)即(ji)奧氏體向(xiang)馬氏體轉(zhuan)變(bian)時(shi),因比容的(de)(de)(de)增大會伴隨(sui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)體積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)膨脹,工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)各部位(wei)先后(hou)相(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)，造成體積(ji)長大不一致(zhi)而產(chan)生組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。不銹鋼封頭組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)朂終結果(guo)是(shi)表(biao)層受(shou)(shou)拉應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),心(xin)部受(shou)(shou)壓應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),恰(qia)好(hao)與熱(re)(re)(re)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)。組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)大小與工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)馬氏體相(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)區的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻速度,形(xing)狀，材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學成分(fen)等(deng)因素(su)有(you)關。只不過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)以前就已經產(chan)生了不銹鋼封頭，而組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)則是(shi)在(zai)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)過(guo)程(cheng)中產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de),在(zai)整個(ge)冷(leng)卻過(guo)程(cheng)中,熱(re)(re)(re)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)綜合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo),就是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)中實際存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。這兩種應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)綜合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)是(shi)十分(fen)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de),受(shou)(shou)著許多因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang),如成分(fen)、形(xing)狀、熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝等(deng)。就其發展過(guo)程(cheng)來說(shuo)只有(you)兩種類型,即(ji)熱(re)(re)(re)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)方向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)時(shi)二者(zhe)抵消,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)方向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)同時(shi)二者(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)迭加。不管是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)抵消還是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)迭加,兩個(ge)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)有(you)一個(ge)占主(zhu)導(dao)因素(su),熱(re)(re)(re)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)占主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)結果(guo)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)心(xin)部受(shou)(shou)拉,表(biao)面(mian)受(shou)(shou)壓。組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)占主(zhu)導(dao)地(di)位(wei)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)結果(guo)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)心(xin)部受(shou)(shou)壓表(biao)面(mian)受(shou)(shou)拉。

keyword：不(bu)銹鋼封頭

文章來(lai)源：//hn-vesun.org.cn/